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Passivation treatment is a kind of surface treatment commonly used in rapid prototype and precision parts. It is also called chromate treatment. It is a chemical reaction of passivation solution to prevent corrosion and prolong rust.
Passivation is a chemical cleaning process that is designed to remove free iron and other ferrous contaminants from the surface of stainless steel parts. By removing the contamination from machining, stamping, etc., you are helping restore the material to the original mill condition and corrosion specifications.
Passivation is ideal for many grades of stainless steel that have adequate levels of chromium and nickel, can help increase the longevity of many types of metal parts, and can also enhance their brightness.
| Applicable Materials | Colors | Texture | Can be applied with |
| Steel, Stainless Steel | n/a | Smooth glossy finish | Black Oxide, Electroless Nickel Plating, Electropolish, Zinc Plating, Tumbling, Media Blasting |
The passivation process stars by first cleaning the surface of the workpiece to remove contaminants such as: oils, grease, dirt, and rust. After cleaning, the part must be rinsed with water. Next, the workpiece is immersed in a bath consisting of either citric or nitric acid and various other chemicals. Both citric and nitric acids are effective at removing the free metal on a material’s surface. Citric acid, while more expensive, is generally safer for the environment. After the part has been immersed for the required time, it must be rinsed with water. The parts should be allowed to dry naturally in the air. Immediately after immersion and up to 48 hours after, the passive oxide layer forms on the surface of the part. Finally, the part is subjected to various tests such as: salt spray tests, humidity tests, and copper sulfate tests to verify the effectiveness of the passivation layer.
Passivation is a pickling process that removes surface grease, rust, and oxides by soaking or ultrasonic cleaning. The passivation solution can produce a colorless transparent passivation film or a golden passivation film. The color of the passivation film changes with the material, which protects the surface of the product from rusting, and the passivation does not increase the thickness of the product. No need to worry about it affecting the accuracy of the product. It can also be combined with other pre-treatments such as sand blasting, polishing, brushing, etc. to make your products more attractive. Therefore, passivation is often used for prototype, surface treatment of precision parts and low volume production parts, and current passivated surface. The treatment is in compliance with environmental requirements.
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